Lung Transplant

A lung transplant will often be recommended if:

• a person has advanced lung disease that's not responding to other methods of treatment 
• a person's life expectancy is thought to be less than 2 to 3 years without a transplant 

Conditions that can be treated with a lung transplant include:

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – a general term for a number of conditions that damage the lungs, usually as a result of smoking 
• cystic fibrosis – an inherited condition that causes the lungs and digestive system to become clogged up with a thick, sticky mucus 
• pulmonary hypertension – high blood pressure in the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs 
• idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – scarring of the lungs

There are 3 main types of lung transplant:

1. a single lung transplant – where a single damaged lung is removed from the recipient and replaced with a lung from the donor; this is often used to treat pulmonary fibrosis, but it's not suitable for people with cystic fibrosis because infection will spread from the remaining lung to the donated lung 
2. a double lung transplant – where both lungs are removed and replaced with 2 donated lungs; this is usually the main treatment option for people with cystic fibrosis or COPD 
3. a heart-lung transplant – where the heart and both lungs are removed and replaced with a donated heart and lungs; this is often recommended for people with severe pulmonary hypertension 

The demand for lung transplants is far greater than the available supply of donated lungs. This means a transplant will only be carried out if it's thought there's a relatively good chance of it being successful. For example, a lung transplant would not be recommended for someone with lung cancer because the cancer could come back in the donated lungs.

You also will not be considered for a lung transplant if you smoke.

A lung transplant usually takes between 4 and 12 hours to complete, depending on the complexity of the operation. A cut is made in your chest and the damaged lungs are removed. Depending on your individual circumstances, you may be connected to a heart and lung bypass machine to keep your blood circulating during the operation. The donated lungs will then be connected to the relevant airways and blood vessels, and the chest will be closed. 

A lung transplant is a major operation that may take at least 3 months to recover from. It could be quite a while before you're able to return to work, so you'll need to make necessary arrangements with your employer. 

A lung transplant is a complex type of surgery that carries a high risk of complications.

A common complication is the immune system rejecting the donated lungs. Because of this, a medicine known as an immunosuppressive is given to dampen the effects of the immune system, reducing the risk of rejection. 

But taking immunosuppressives carries its own risks as they increase the chances of infection.

The outlook for people who have had a lung transplant has improved in recent years and it's expected to continue improving.

The British Transplantation Society estimates that around 9 out of 10 people survive a lung transplant, with most of these surviving for at least a year after having the operation. About 5 out of 10 people will survive for at least 5 years after having a lung transplant, with many people living for at least 10 years. There have also been reports of some people living for 20 years or more after a lung transplant.

Although complications can occur at any time, a serious complication is most likely to occur in the first year after the transplant. 

NHS: Lung Transplant

Joining the NHS Organ Donor Register 
NHSBT: Donation after circulatory death

Patient booklets:
- Having a lung transplant
- Lung Failure and Transplantation
 

Hepatitis C and Organ Donation
NHS, Transplant waiting list: hepatitis C donor organs
British Transplantation Society UK Position Statement